Dietary Interventions in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Future Prospects

Ünkan Urganci; Fatma Isik

doi:10.14232/analecta.2025.3-4.48-73

Authors

Ünkan Urganci Pamukkale University
Fatma Isik Pamukkale University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-7313

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2025.3-4.48-73

Keywords:

antioxidants, ketogenic diet, mediterranean diet, neurodegenerative diseases, nutrition

Abstract

Neurological disorders represent one of the most considerable global health challenges—affecting approximately one in three people over their lifetimes. As of 2021, ≈ 43% of the global population were living with some form of neurological condition, including stroke, migraine, dementia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pose significant challenges, as the global population ages. While these conditions are influenced by multifactorial interactions, dietary factors play a crucial role in their onset and progression. Studies show that adherence to the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets along with the supplementation of antioxidants and certain vitamins, can improve memory and cognitive function. The impacts of diet are evidenced by the outcomes of behavioral tests, particularly those assessing motor and cognitive functions, as well as through histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses that indicate the protection of neurons. Further studies have analyzed mechanisms through dietary components modulate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, iron management in cells, and various signaling pathways. Crucially, understanding the mechanisms of these components is vital for supporting their dietary inclusion in neuroprotective strategies and pinpointing new therapeutic targets in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the therapeutic mechanisms of diet are discussed in-depth.

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